커맨드라인 사용법 by Daegwon Nacyot Kim (2)

$ pwd /Users/44bits

$ pwd /Users/44bits

$ cd /

$ pwd /

$ pwd / $ cd /Users/44bits $ pwd /Users/44bits

$ pwd /Users/44bits $ cd . $ pwd /Users/44bits

$ cd /Users $ pwd /Users $ cd ./44bits $ pwd /Users/44bits

$ cd /Users $ pwd /Users $ cd 44bits $ pwd /Users/44bits

$ pwd /Users/44bits $ cd .. $ pwd /Users

$ pwd /Users/44bits $ cd ../.. $ pwd /

$ pwd /Users/44bits $ cd ../44bits/../../Users/../Users/44bits $ pwd /Users/44bits

$ whoami 44bits

$ cd / $ cd ~ $ pwd /Users/44bits $ cd /Users $ cd ~ $ pwd /Users/44bits

$ cd ~44bits $ pwd /Users/44bits $ cd ~nacyot $ pwd /Users/nacyot

$ cd / $ cd $ pwd /Users/44bits $ cd /Users $ cd $ pwd /Users/44bits

$ cd ~ $ mkdir work $ cd work $ pwd /Users/44bits/work $ ls

$ mkdir hello/world mkdir: hello: No such file or directory

$ mkdir -p hello/world

$ ls -R hello ./hello: world ./hello/world:

$ touch b c d e $ ls a b c d e hello

cp <SRC> <DEST> mv <SRC> <DEST>

$ mv a airport $ ls airport b c d e hello $ cp b batman $ ls airport b batman c d e hello

$ mv airport hello/

$ ls b batman c d e hello $ cd hello $ ls airport world

$ mv airport ../ $ cd .. $ ls airport b batman c d e hello

$ rm c d $ ls airport b e hello

$ rm hello/ rm: hello: is a directory

$ echo Hello, world! Hello, world!

$ echo My home directory is $HOME. My home directory is /Users/44bits.

$ cd /etc $ ls bashrc bashrc $ cat bashrc # System-wide .bashrc file for interactive bash(1) shells. if [ -z "$PS1" ]; then return fi PS1='\h:\W \u\$ ' # Make bash check its window size after a process completes shopt -s checkwinsize [ -r "/etc/bashrc_$TERM_PROGRAM" ] && . "/etc/bashrc_$TERM_PROGRAM"

$ head -n2 bashrc # System-wide .bashrc file for interactive bash(1) shells. if [ -z "$PS1" ]; then $ head -n 2 bashrc # System-wide .bashrc file for interactive bash(1) shells. if [ -z "$PS1" ]; then

$ tail -n 2 bashrc [ -r "/etc/bashrc_$TERM_PROGRAM" ] && . "/etc/bashrc_$TERM_PROGRAM"

$ grep usage: grep [-abcDEFGHhIiJLlmnOoqRSsUVvwxZ] [-A num] [-B num] [-C[num]] [-e pattern] [-f file] [--binary-files=value] [--color=when] [--context[=num]] [--directories=action] [--label] [--line-buffered] [--null] [pattern] [file ...]

$ grep -h usage: grep [-abcDEFGHhIiJLlmnOoqRSsUVvwxZ] [-A num] [-B num] [-C[num]] [-e pattern] [-f file] [--binary-files=value] [--color=when] [--context[=num]] [--directories=action] [--label] [--line-buffered] [--null] [pattern] [file ...] $ grep --help usage: grep [-abcDEFGHhIiJLlmnOoqRSsUVvwxZ] [-A num] [-B num] [-C[num]] [-e pattern] [-f file] [--binary-files=value] [--color=when] [--context[=num]] [--directories=action] [--label] [--line-buffered] [--null] [pattern] [file ...]

$ tail -h tail: illegal option -- h usage: tail [-F | -f | -r] [-q] [-b # | -c # | -n #] [file ...]

$ man grep GREP(1) BSD General Commands Manual GREP(1) NAME grep, egrep, fgrep, zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep -- file pattern searcher SYNOPSIS grep [-abcdDEFGHhIiJLlmnOopqRSsUVvwxZ] [-A num] [-B num] [-C[num]] [-e pattern] [-f file] [--binary-files=value] [--color[=when]] [--colour[=when]] [--context[=num]] [--label] [--line-buffered] [--null] [pattern] [file ...] DESCRIPTION The grep utility searches any given input files, selecting lines that match one or more patterns. By default, a pattern matches an input line if the regular expression (RE) in the pattern matches the input line without its trailing newline. An empty expression matches every line. Each input line that matches at least one of the patterns is written to the standard output. ...

$ cat Hello, world Hello, world

$ cat Hello, world Hello, world ^C $

$ cat ^D $

$ cat ^\Quit: 3 $

$ sleep usage: sleep seconds

$ sleep 5

$ sleep 99999

$ sleep 99999 ^Z [1]+ Stopped sleep 99999 $

$ jobs [1]+ Stopped sleep 99999

$ sleep 99998 ^Z [2]+ Stopped sleep 99998 $ jobs [1]- Stopped sleep 99999 [2]+ Stopped sleep 99998

$ bg [2]+ sleep 99998 & $ jobs [1]+ Stopped sleep 99999 [2]- Running sleep 99998 &

$ fg sleep 99998 ^C

$ fg sleep 99999 ^c

$ fg bash: fg: current: no such job

$ ps -a -o pid,ppid,command | grep $$ 37949 6969 bash 58799 37949 sleep 99999 60274 37949 ps -axwwo pid,ppid,command 60275 37949 grep 37949

$ kill -l HUP INT QUIT ILL TRAP ABRT EMT FPE KILL BUS SEGV SYS PIPE ALRM TERM URG STOP TSTP CONT CHLD TTIN TTOU IO XCPU XFSZ VTALRM PROF WINCH INFO USR1 USR2

$ sleep 10000 ^z [1]+ Stopped sleep 10000 $ bg $ jobs -l [1]+ 62506 Running sleep 10000 &

$ kill 62506 bash-3.2$ jobs [1]+ Terminated: 15 sleep 10000 bash-3.2$ jobs

$ history 10 101 pwd 102 nano 103 nano 104 ll 105 l 106 cat 107 a 108 history 109 history --help 110 history 10

$ !101 pwd /Users/44bits

$ echo My home directory is $HOME. My home directory is /Users/44bits.

$ echo $TERM xterm-256color $ echo $HOME /Users/44bits $ echo $USER 44bits

$ printenv HOME /Users/44bits

$ env TERM=xterm-256color SHELL=/bin/zsh TMPDIR=/var/folders ...

$ echo My name is $MYNAME My name is $ export MYNAME=nacyot $ echo My name is $MYNAME My name is nacyot $ unset MYNAME My name is

$ MYNAME=nacyot printenv MYNAME nacyot $ printenv MYNAME

$ variable=356

$ printenv variable $ echo $variable 356

$ echo Hello, world. Hello, world.

$ echo "Hello, world." Hello, world.

$ echo "Hello, $USER." Hello, 44bits.

$ echo "\"Hello, \$USER.\"" "Hello, $USER."

$ echo "Hello,\n\t$USER." Hello,\n\t44bits. $ echo -e "Hello,\n\t$USER." Hello, 44bits.

$ echo 'Hello, world.' Hello, world. $ echo 'Hello, $USER.' Hello, $USER.

$ echo ''' > ^c $ echo '\'' > ^c

$ echo $'Hello, \'$USER\'' Hello, '$USER'

bash-3.2$ echo -e "Hello, world!" bash: !": event not found

bash-3.2$ set +H bash-3.2$ echo -e "Hello, world!" Hello, world!

$ echo "2**10 == $((2**10))" 2**10 == 1024

$ echo "Current directory is $(pwd)." Current directory is /Users/44bits/work.

$ echo "My home is $HOME." My home is /Users/44bits/work. $ echo "My home is ${HOME}." My home is /Users/44bits/work.

$ echo "My name is $USER_nacyot." My name is . $ echo "My name is ${USER}_nacyot" My name is 44bits_nacyot

$ printenv MYNAME $ echo "My name is ${MYNAME:-nacyot}" My name is nacyot

$ cat Hello, world! Hello, world! ^C

$ ls $ echo 'Hello, world!' Hello, world! $ echo 'Hello, world!' > hello.txt $ ls hello.txt $ cat hello.txt Hello, world!

$ cat < hello.txt Hello, world!

$ echo 'Foo' > 1.txt $ cat 1.txt Foo $ echo 'Bar' > 1.txt $ cat 1.txt Bar $ echo 'Foo' >> 2.txt $ cat 2.txt Foo $ echo 'Bar' >> 2.txt $ cat 2.txt Foo Bar

$ cat not_exist.txt > message.txt cat: not_exists.txt: No such file or directory $ cat message.txt

$ rm message.txt $ cat not_exist.txt 2> message.txt $ cat message.txt cat: not_exists.txt: No such file or directory

$ echo 'FooBar' > exist.txt $ cat exist.txt not_exist.txt FooBar cat: not_exist.txt: No such file or directory

$ cat exist.txt not_exist.txt > 1.txt cat: not_exist.txt: No such file or directory $ cat 1.txt FooBar $ cat exist.txt not_exist.txt 2> 2.txt FooBar $ cat 2.txt cat: not_exist.txt: No such file or directory

$ cat exist.txt not_exist.txt > 3.txt 2>&1 $ cat 3.txt FooBar cat: not_exist.txt: No such file or directory

$ cat exist.txt not_exist.txt > /dev/null 2>&1

$ echo 'Hi, world!' | tee sayhi.txt Hi, world! $ cat sayhi.txt Hi, world!

$ tee sayhello.txt Hello, world! Hello, world! ^C $ cat sayhello.txt Hello, world!

^Z [1]+ Stopped emacs -q hello.txt $ jobs -l [1]+ 17508 Suspended: 18 emacs -q hello.txt $ kill -9 17508

$ nano

$ code nacyot.txt

$ echo 'Hello, world!' Hello, world! $ echo \ 'Hello, world!' Hello, world!

$ docker run -d \ -e MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=true \ -e MYSQL_DATABASE=wp \ -e MYSQL_USER=wp \ -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=wp \ --name mysql \ --network=app-network \ mysql:5.7

$ export EDITOR='code -w' $ ^x ^e

$ cat <TAB> airport nacyot.txt

$ cat n<TAB>

$ cat nacyot.txt

$ printenv PATH /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin

$ which printenv /usr/bin/printenv $ which which /usr/bin/which $ which cat /bin/cat

$ unset PATH $ printenv PATH bash: printenv: No such file or directory $ which printenv bash: which: No such file or directory

$ export PATH=/usr/bin $ which printenv /usr/bin/printenv $ which which /usr/bin/which $ which cat

$ cat bash: cat: command not found

$ /bin/cat /etc/bashrc # System-wide .bashrc file for interactive bash(1) shells. ...

$ cd /tmp $ ./cat /etc/bashrc $ /bin/cp /bin/cat . $ ./cat /etc/bashrc # System-wide .bashrc file for interactive bash(1) shells.

$ cat exist.txt exist $ echo $? 0

$ cat not_exist.txt cat: not_exist.txt: No such file or directory $ echo $? 1

$ echo 'banana' >> fruits.txt $ echo 'apple' >> fruits.txt $ echo 'kiwi' >> fruits.txt

$ cat fruits.txt banana apple kiwi $ sort fruits.txt apple banana kiwi

$ sort banana apple kiwi ^D apple banana kiwi

$ cat fruits.txt | sort apple banana kiwi

$ echo 'Hi, world!' | tee sayhi.txt

$ env | grep TERM | sort COLORTERM=truecolor ITERM_PROFILE=Default ITERM_SESSION_ID=w1t0p0:7AADB02A-E2C9-44B3-AF7B-9F14499C8F9C LC_TERMINAL=iTerm2 LC_TERMINAL_VERSION=3.3.9 TERM=xterm-256color TERM_PROGRAM=iTerm.app TERM_PROGRAM_VERSION=3.3.9 TERM_SESSION_ID=w1t0p0:7AADB02A-E2C9-44B3-AF7B-9F14499C8F9C

# MacOS $ brew install wget # Debian, Ubuntu, ... $ apt install wget # Red Hat, CentOS, AmazonLinux, ... $ yum install wget

$ wget 44bits.io -O 44bits.html $ head 44bits.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="ko"> ...